Here you will be able to see examples of citations for various types of resources. Each example includes a citation of a source, a picture of the source, and helpful notes.
Each example also cites the section from the Chicago Manual of Style 16th Edition , so that you may consult that source for more detailed information if needed.
In order to cite most resources, it is important to include a note and a bibliography entry. However, you will find throughout the examples that sometimes only a note is necessary for certain specified sources. In addition, Chicago outlines various ways to abbreviate notes to save time:. The basic structure for an abbreviate note includes: author's last name, the main title shortened if more than four words , and the page number or other identifying information if applicable.
In a letter dated 12 August , Nesbitt indicated to his daughter that a new plan was being presented to the County Commissioners.
Format, Sources with Two or Three Authors: List the authors in the order in which they appear on the title page. In a note, list the first name for each author first. Jerin, Robert A. The Victims of Crime. In the bibliography, list all the authors that appear on the title page. Harry Markopolos et al. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, Note: An alternative would be to include a shortened title following the "Author et al.
Format: Use the group or corporation as the author; it may also be the publisher. Bas Bleu Theatre Company. The proposal requested new and increased salaries for theatre staff BBTC Format, Two or More Sources by Same Author: When you are citing two or more works by the same author in one parenthetical note, list the name of the author only once, followed by the publication dates of the various works in order of year of publication. Psychologists have arrived at this conclusion in the past Tripp, , , Format, Two or More Sources Published by Same Author in Same Year: When, in one parenthetical note, you are citing two or more works by the same author published in the same year, be sure to distinguish between the two by assigning them letter suffixes "a," "b," etc.
These designations will be consistent with those you have given the works in the reference list. Past research Johnson a, b has revealed interesting patterns. Format, Two or More Sources by Different Authors: When you refer to works by different authors within the same parenthetical note, separate them by using semicolons.
Several studies Evens ; Dorer ; Bundy have contributed to our current understanding of this phenomenon. It is located at the end of a document or book and contains all the bibliographic information needed to find out more about cited source material. This list is a selective bibliography and does not include a full accounting of sources related to or consulted before you began writing your document, but only those actually cited. Without it the in-text numbers would make little sense as they would no longer be pointing at any corresponding entries in the end documentation.
CMS References List formatting rules call for the end documentation to begin on a new page at the end of your document and be numbered accordingly.
Note: Unless informed otherwise, you can count on your instructor not counting the References List page in the total page count of an eight page assignment. References List Format : When no author is listed on the title or copyright page, begin the entry with the title of the work. Letting Ana Go. New York: Simon Pulse, References List Format : Use the corporation or group as the author; it may also be the publisher. International Monetary fund. Goodwin, Doris Kearns.
New York: Simon and Schuster, Note: Names must always appear in the same order as found on the Title page of the work being cited. References List Format : List the authors in the order in which they appear on the title page.
Note: Names must always appear in the same order, separated by commas, as found on the Title page of the work being cited. Next Author s -First Names or initials first. Year of Publication. Book Title-in italics. Number ed. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher. Alred, Gerald J. Brusaw, and Walter E.
The Business Writer's Handbook. Use the last name first rule for the first author and the first name first rule for all other authors. Separate names with commas. Next Author s - Initials or First Names first. Douglass, Frederick. Edited by Ira Dworkin. New York: Penguin Books, References List Format Translator : List the author first and the translator after the title. Ali, Nujood, and Delphine Minoui. I Am Nujood, Age 10 and Divorced.
Translated by Linda Coverdale. New York: Three Rivers Press, Krausz, Michael, ed. Relativism: A Contemporary Anthology. New York: Columbia University Press, References List Format : Give the author and title in quotation marks for the chapter or selection.
Then give the title, editor if any , and publication data for the book or anthology. In the bibliography, give the inclusive page numbers before the publication data. Dalrymple, William. Chapter Title-No quotation marks-No italics. Number-if applicable. In Book Title-in italics. Williams, Susan Millar.
Cross Purposes. Athens and London: Univ. References List Format : Give edition information after the title. Brinkley, Alan.
New York: McGraw-Hill, References List Format : Place the original publication date before the publication information for the reprint. James, King of England. The Political Works of James I. Edited by Charles Howard McIlwain.
Reprint, Whitefish, MT: Kessinger, Note: Citations of sacred texts such as the Christian Bible, Islam's Holy Qur'an and the Hebrew Torah generally occur only in the in-text citation and are not included in the References List. References List Format : In the notes, give the volume number and page number, separated by a colon, for the specific location of the information referred to in your text.
Hanqi, Fang, ed. A History of Journalism in China. Vol 7. Singapore: Silkroad Press, References List Format : Give the title of the volume to which you refer, followed by the volume number and the general title for the entire work. Atkinson, Rick. Vol 3 of The Liberation Trilogy. New York: Henry Holt, References List Format : The series name follows the title and is capitalized as a title but is not italicized. If the series numbers its volumes, include that information as well.
Holt, Michael F. Franklin Pierce. American Presidents Series Biv, Roy G. On learning the color spectrum. Stannard, Martin. Preface to Muriel Spark: The Biography, xv-xxvi. New York: Norton, Note: Consecutive Pagination means that each new issue of a Journal begins with the page number that follows the last page number in the previous issue. In other words, the page numbers run consecutively from issue to issue.
References List Format : Give the author last name first followed by the year of publication then the article title. Include the name of the journal in italics followed by the v olume number, the issue number if available and end with the page number s. Brown, Sterling. Arcadia, South Carolina. Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life Note: Non-Consecutive Pagination means that each new issue of a Journal begins with page 1 and not with the number that follows the last page number in the previous issue, as is the case with consecutive pagination.
References List Format : Begin with the author last name first followed by the year of publication, the article title and the name of the journal in italics. Include the volume number, the issue number and end with the article page number s.
Clifford, James. On Ethnographic Authority. Representations 1, no. References List Format : Cite like a monthly magazine see next format , but provide the day of publication. Makary, Marty. References List Format : Magazines are cited by their dates rather than by volume and issue. Huber, Peter. Note: When no author by-line exists, begin with the Article Title and proceed as shown above. This case also illustrates a magazine with a volume number but not an issue number.
References List Format : Begin with the author last name first followed by the year of publication, the article title, the magazine title in italics , the volume number and or issue. End with the page number s when citing specific portions or quoted passages. A passing race. Canadian Magazine , Note: In most cases, newspaper articles are cited in running text and are not included in the References List; however, when you do, follow the example below.
When no author by-line exists, begin with the Article Title rather than the author's name. References List Format : If the name of the newspaper does not include the city, insert the city before the name and italicize it.
If an American city is not well known, name the state as well in parentheses, abbreviated. Identify newspapers from other countries with the city in parentheses not italicized after the name of the newspaper.
Page number may be omitted, since separate editions of the same newspaper may place articles differently. If a paper comes out in more than one edition, identify the edition after the date. Zito, Kelly. Note: When not part of the newspaper title, include name of American city, in italics, along with the rest of the title, as shown here:.
Note: When city name is not well known, or there is more than one city in America with the same name, include the state abbreviation, in parenthesis and not italicized, as shown here:. Note: Follow the title of foreign newspapers with its hometown name, in parenthesis and not italicized, as shown here:. Holden, Stephen. New York Times , September 23, References List Format : If not author is given, begin the note with the title of the article; begin the bibliography entry with the title of the periodical.
Boston Globe. References List Format : Treat as a newspaper article. Levi, Jason. Letter to the editor. Smithsonian , June Note: Include the phrase, "Ph. Include the publication number from ProQuest if appropriate. Colello, Anthony. PhD diss. References List Format : Give the author and title, in quotation marks. Iddings, Joshua Glenn.
Note: Format like a Journal Article. Include the phrase, "Ph. Judt, Tony. A Grand Illusion? An Essay on Europe. New York: Hill and Wang, Reappraisals: Reflections on the Forgotten Twentieth Century.
New York: Penguin Press, Author-Date References see section For successive entries by the same author s , translator s , editor s , or compiler s , a 3-em dash replaces the name s after the first appearance. The entries are arranged chronologically by year of publication in ascending order, not alphabetized by title. Undated works designated n. Schuman, Howard, and Jacqueline Scott.
Two or more works by the same author in the same year must be differentiated by the addition of a, b, and so forth regardless of whether they were authored, edited, compiled or translated , and are listed alphabetically by title.
Text citations consist of author and year plus letter. Fogel, Robert William. New York: Cambridge University Press, For additional information on citing multiple sources by the same author in Chicago style, please refer to the Chicago Manual of Style.
This information is intended to be a guideline, not expert advice. Please be sure to speak to your professor about the appropriate way to cite multiple sources by the same author in your class assignments and projects. American Psychological Association. Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, D. The Modern Language Association of America. MLA Handbook. University of Chicago.
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